Linux
What is it?
Linux is an example of Open Source software development and Free Operating System (OS).
Cost
Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded freely, distributed through magazines, Books etc. There are priced versions for Linux also, but they are normally cheaper than Windows.
Users
Everyone. From home users to developers and computer enthusiasts alike.
Development and Distribution
Linux is developed by Open Source development i.e. through sharing and collaboration of code and features through forums etc and it is distributed by various vendors.
Usage
Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers.
Filesystem
Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, Jfs, ReiserFS, Xfs, Btrfs, FAT, FAT32, NTFS
GUI
Linux typically provides two GUIs, KDE and Gnome. But there are millions of alternatives such as LXDE, Xfce, Unity, Mate, twm, ect.
Virus
Linux has had about 60-100 viruses listed till date. None of them actively spreading nowadays.
Threat and Solution
In case of Linux, threat detection and solution is very fast, as Linux is mainly community driven and whenever any Linux user posts any kind of threat, several developers start working on it from different parts of the world
Processor
Dozens of different kinds.
Distros
Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, Centos, Android etc.
UNIX
What is it?
Unix is an operating system that is very popular in universities, companies, big enterprises etc.
Cost
Different flavors of Unix have different cost structures according to vendors
User
Unix operating systems were developed mainly for mainframes, servers and workstations except OSX, Which is designed for everyone. The Unix environment and the client-server program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet
Development and Distribution
Unix systems are divided into various other flavors, mostly developed by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit organizations..
Usage
The UNIX operating system is used in internet servers, workstations & PCs. Backbone of the majority of finance infrastructure and many 24x365 high availability solutions.
Filesystems
jfs, gpfs, hfs, hfs+, ufs, xfs, zfs format
GUI
Initially Unix was a command based OS, but later a GUI was created called Common Desktop Environment. Most distributions now ship with Gnome.
Virus
A rough estimate of UNIX viruses is between 85 -120 viruses reported till date.
Threat and Solution
Because of the proprietary nature of the original Unix, users have to wait for a while, to get the proper bug fixing patch. But these are not as common.
Processors
x86/x64, Sparc, Power, Itanium, PA-RISC, PowerPC and many others.
Distros
AIX, Solaris, OpenBSD, HP-UX, Mac OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD
Looking into the Future...
Studies have shown that Linux has grown faster than any other server OS over the past few years. Current estimates are that Linux has a user base of about 25 million machines compared to only 5.5 million combined UNIX installations.
Keep in mind that these figures do not include the Android OS and the many consumers who have chosen to run their home computers using open-source Linux distributions.
At this point, it’s safe to say that UNIX is quickly becoming a thing of the past. Especially given the current state of the economy, it is difficult for a business to justify spending tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars on UNIX hardware when Linux machines are just as capable and significantly less expensive. In the next few years, UNIX will most likely become a thing only found in history books about the evolution of today’s operating system.
g
What is it?
Linux is an example of Open Source software development and Free Operating System (OS).
Cost
Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded freely, distributed through magazines, Books etc. There are priced versions for Linux also, but they are normally cheaper than Windows.
Users
Everyone. From home users to developers and computer enthusiasts alike.
Development and Distribution
Linux is developed by Open Source development i.e. through sharing and collaboration of code and features through forums etc and it is distributed by various vendors.
Usage
Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers.
Filesystem
Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, Jfs, ReiserFS, Xfs, Btrfs, FAT, FAT32, NTFS
GUI
Linux typically provides two GUIs, KDE and Gnome. But there are millions of alternatives such as LXDE, Xfce, Unity, Mate, twm, ect.
Virus
Linux has had about 60-100 viruses listed till date. None of them actively spreading nowadays.
Threat and Solution
In case of Linux, threat detection and solution is very fast, as Linux is mainly community driven and whenever any Linux user posts any kind of threat, several developers start working on it from different parts of the world
Processor
Dozens of different kinds.
Distros
Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, Centos, Android etc.
UNIX
What is it?
Unix is an operating system that is very popular in universities, companies, big enterprises etc.
Cost
Different flavors of Unix have different cost structures according to vendors
User
Unix operating systems were developed mainly for mainframes, servers and workstations except OSX, Which is designed for everyone. The Unix environment and the client-server program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet
Development and Distribution
Unix systems are divided into various other flavors, mostly developed by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit organizations..
Usage
The UNIX operating system is used in internet servers, workstations & PCs. Backbone of the majority of finance infrastructure and many 24x365 high availability solutions.
Filesystems
jfs, gpfs, hfs, hfs+, ufs, xfs, zfs format
GUI
Initially Unix was a command based OS, but later a GUI was created called Common Desktop Environment. Most distributions now ship with Gnome.
Virus
A rough estimate of UNIX viruses is between 85 -120 viruses reported till date.
Threat and Solution
Because of the proprietary nature of the original Unix, users have to wait for a while, to get the proper bug fixing patch. But these are not as common.
Processors
x86/x64, Sparc, Power, Itanium, PA-RISC, PowerPC and many others.
Distros
AIX, Solaris, OpenBSD, HP-UX, Mac OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD
Looking into the Future...
Studies have shown that Linux has grown faster than any other server OS over the past few years. Current estimates are that Linux has a user base of about 25 million machines compared to only 5.5 million combined UNIX installations.
Keep in mind that these figures do not include the Android OS and the many consumers who have chosen to run their home computers using open-source Linux distributions.
At this point, it’s safe to say that UNIX is quickly becoming a thing of the past. Especially given the current state of the economy, it is difficult for a business to justify spending tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars on UNIX hardware when Linux machines are just as capable and significantly less expensive. In the next few years, UNIX will most likely become a thing only found in history books about the evolution of today’s operating system.
g
Command
|
Description
|
cat
|
Display
File Contents
|
cd
|
Changes
Directory to dirname
|
chgrp
|
change
file group
|
chmod
|
Changing
Permissions
|
cp
|
Copy
source file into destination
|
file
|
Determine
file type
|
find
|
Find
files
|
grep
|
Search
files for regular expressions.
|
head
|
Display
first few lines of a file
|
ln
|
Create
softlink on oldname
|
ls
|
Display
information about file type.
|
mkdir
|
Create
a new directory dirname
|
more
|
Display
data in paginated form.
|
mv
|
Move
(Rename) a oldname to newname.
|
pwd
|
Print
current working directory.
|
rm
|
Remove
(Delete) filename
|
rmdir
|
Delete
an existing directory provided it is empty.
|
tail
|
Prints
last few lines in a file.
|
touch
|
Update
access and modification time of a file.
|
